Sank's Glossary of Linguistics
Inf-Ins |
INFINITIVUS PRO PARTICIPIO
(Syntax) 'Infinitive instead of participle'. In a verb cluster, the appearance of an infinitive verb form instead of an otherwise expected participle, e.g. in German:
INFL
(Syntax) Name for the verbal inflection of a clause in Government and Binding theory. | A Concise Dictionary of Linguistics, 2003
INFLECTIONAL PHRASE (IP)
(Syntax) Abbreviated "IP" or "InflP". In X-bar theory and other grammatical theories that incorporate it, an inflectional phrase or inflection phrase is a functional phrase that has inflectional properties (such as tense and agreement). An inflectional phrase is essentially the same as a sentence, but reflects an analysis whereby a sentence can be treated as having a head, complement and specifier, like other kinds of phrases. | Wikipedia, 2015
INFORMATION STRUCTURE
INFORMATIVITY
(Text Linguistics) This standard of textuality concerns the extent to which the occurrences of the presented text are expected vs. unexpected or known vs. unknown/certain. The processing of highly informative occurrences is more demanding than otherwise, but it is correspondingly more interesting as well. Caution must be exercised lest the receivers' processing become overloaded to the point of endangering communication. | Paola Catenaccio, 2009
INHERENT CASE
(Syntax) Or, oblique case. Case which is dependent on theta-marking (as opposed to structural case). Usually Genitive, Dative, and Partitive are considered inherent case.
For example, the assignment of genitive case by a noun is inherent, hence must coincide with theta-marking. This implies that a noun cannot be the case-assigning head in an ECM construction, and no Raising to Subject in an NP is possible. Hence the illformedness of (1,2):
INHERENT COMPLEMENT VERB
(Grammar) Antonym, non-inherent complement verb. Nwachukwu (1987) recognizes two types of verb in Igbo. Inherent complement verbs (ICV) are subdivided into transitive and intransitive, while non-inherent complement verbs are divided into transitives, unaccusatives and unergatives. He defines an ICV as a morphological subset of verbs which in its citation form consists of a consonant-vowel (CV) root followed by a
free noun (or in very few cases a prepositional phrase). The root and its normal complement form a semantic unit, and any dictionary entry which excludes the complement lacks meaning because the complement is the meaning specifying constituent of its verb.
Examples of inherent complement verbs in Ngwa Igbo include the following:
INQUISITIVE SEMANTICS
(Semantics) A framework for the formal analysis of information exchange. It is based on a notion of semantic content which, unlike the traditional truth-conditional notion, captures both informative and inquisitive aspects of meaning. It allows for a unified analysis of statements and questions, as well as linguistic elements that interact with both statements and questions, such as modals, quantifiers, connectives, and discourse particles.
In IS, an utterance is intuitively seen as a proposal to update the already established information in one or more ways. Statements propose a single update. Questions propose two or more alternative updates. This makes questions inquisitive: they invite a response from the addressee that establishes at least one of the proposed alternative updates.
The way in which IS enriches the notion of meaning changes our perspective on logic as well. Besides the classical notion of logical entailment, the semantics also gives rise to a new notion of inquisitive entailment and a more general treatment of logical operators such as connectives (e.g. and, or, if, not), quantifiers (e.g., some, all), and modal operators (e.g., must, may, know, believe, wonder).
The way in which IS enriches the notion of meaning also changes our perspective on pragmatics. The main objective of pragmatics is to explain aspects of interpretation that are not directly dictated by semantic content in terms of general features of rational human behavior. Since IS offers a richer notion of semantic content, pragmatics becomes richer as well. Traditional Gricean pragmatics consists exclusively of speaker-oriented rules for providing information. Inquisitive pragmatics has the same basic objective, but is more general: it is both speaker- and hearer-oriented, and specifies rules for exchanging information rather than just providing information. This makes it possible to derive a wider range of implicatures, in particular ones that arise from inquisitiveness. | Ivano Ciardelli, Jeroen Groenendijk, and Floris Roelofsen, 2018
INQUISITIVE SPEECH ACT
(Semantics)
Inquisitive Speech ActAssertions are non-inquisitive because they denote singleton propositions independently of the context.
A speech act 𝒜 is inquisitive relative to a context c iff the issue it places on the Table has more than one possible resolution in c.
INSTRUMENT ROLE
(Semantics) Taking the example of the Instrument role, a wide range of participants have Instrument-like properties (Koenig, Mauner, Bienvenue, and Conklin 2008, Nilsen 1973, Rissman and Rawlins 2017, Schlesinger 1995):
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